The Emergence of the Modern Middle East - Part II
Продолжение моей другой цели, которую я скоро завершу. )
Во второй части уже интереснее. Про арабо-израильский конфликт и арабскую весну.
This course will discuss the emergence of the modern Middle East from the fall of the Ottoman Empire, at the end of the First World War to the present. It will discuss the Ottoman legacy in the region and the Western imperial impact on the creation of the Arab state system. The course will discuss the rise and retreat of Arab nationalism, the problems of internal cohesion of the Arab states, issues of religion and state, and the evolution of Islamist politics. It will also focus on the evolution of the Arab-Israeli conflict and its impact on the region and will conclude with an in depth analysis of the “Arab Spring” by placing these contemporary revolutionary events in their historical context.
Надеюсь завершу эту часть вовремя.
Критерий завершения
Курс пройден
Личные ресурсы
Любознательность
Экологичность цели
Историю знать всегда полезно
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Week 1: Arab Independence and Revolution
Week One: Our focus on the fifth lesson will be the period of revolutionary politics in various key Arab states after they gained their political independence. First, we will look into Egypt and the period of faltering modernisation which led in the 1930s to an era of Islamic revival (Muslim Brotherhood). What will follow next is the dramatic change which occurred in Egypt with the 1952 military coup. We will discuss the new path Egypt took with the end of the monarchy, its state policies as well as its foreign policy orientation. Second, we will turn our attention to Iraq, the first of the mandated countries to achieve independence. We will discuss Iraq's historical development from the overthrow of the Hashemites to the rise of Saddam Hussein. Our discussion topics here will include the Iran-Iraq War and the Kurdish opposition to the Ba'athi regime in Iraq. Next, we will delve into Syrian politics in an effort to understand its prolonged instability with an emphasis on the political meaning of the division between urban Sunni-notables and Syria's Alawi minority. Fourth, we will speak about Lebanon, its various religious and ethnic communities and how the struggle over power among them led to civil war. As opposed to the instability we have so far discussed in countries like Syria and Lebanon, we will discuss the reasons behind the surprising stability of the monarchies in Jordan and Saudi Arabia next focusing on the components of their durability.
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V. Arab Independence and Revolution (01:44)
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5.1.1 Egypt: Crisis and Revolution - Part 1 (08:25)
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5.1.2 Egypt: Crisis and Revolution - Part 2 (06:21)
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5.2.1 Iraq from the Overthrow of the Hashemites to Saddam Hussein - Part 1 (08:18)
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5.2.2 Iraq from the Overthrow of the Hashemites to Saddam Hussein - Part 2 (07:29)
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5.3.1 Syria's Prolonged Instability - Part 1 (08:29)
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5.3.2 Syria's Prolonged Instability - Part 2 (08:15)
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5.4.1 Lebanon's Civil Wars - Part 1 (07:28)
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5.4.2 Lebanon's Civil Wars - Part 2 (09:55)
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5.5. The Surprising Stability of the Arab Monarchies (03:37)
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5.5.1.1 The Surprising Stability of the Arab Monarchies: Jordan - Part 1 (09:06)
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5.5.1.2 The Surprising Stability of the Arab Monarchies: Jordan - Part 2 (07:57)
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5.5.2 The Surprising Stability of the Arab Monarchies: Saudi Arabia (08:13)
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5.6 The Arab Cold War (02:16)
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Week 2: The Arab-Israeli Conflict
Week Two: In lesson six, we will concentrate on the beginnings of the Arab-Israeli conflict. We will first look into the European context, which gave rise to the emergence of Zionism and the gradual immigration of Jews to Palestine. The Arab response to the Zionist challenge will be discussed next. We will witness the growing hostility between the two populations and the ensuing Arab revolt, the most significant Arab opposition until then. In the background of this heightened tension and the new dynamics introduced by the outbreak of the Second World War, we will focus our attention next on the solutions offered to solve the festering problem, that is the partition plan.
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VI. The Arab-Israeli Conflict -- Introduction to contexts and Discourse (06:47)
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6.2 Early Zionism (09:31)
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6.3.1 Initial Arab Resistance - Part 1 (06:38)
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6.3.2 Initial Arab Resistance - Part 2 (07:49)
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6.4.1 The Arab Rebellion and the Jewish Response - Part 1 (10:36)
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6.4.2 The Arab Rebellion and the Jewish Response - Part 2 (06:31)
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6.4.3 The Arab Rebellion and the Jewish Response - Part 3 (06:04)
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6.5 The Impact of World War II (10:00)
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6.6 The Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry (05:35)
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6.7.1 Partition and the First Phase of War - Part 1 (04:53)
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6.7.2 Partition and the First Phase of War - Part 2 (08:28)
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6.8 The 2nd Phase of the 1948 War (07:44)
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6.9.1 The Narratives of the 1948 War - Part 1 (08:45)
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6.9.2 The Narratives of the 1948 War - Part 2 (04:14)
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6.9.3 The Narratives of the 1948 War - Part 3 (08:32)
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Week 3: Escalation and De-Escalation of the Arab-Israeli Conflict
Week Three: Our third lesson is part one of our discussion on the escalation and de-escalation of the Arab-Israeli conflict from 1948 to 1973. First, we will be looking into the principles of Israel's security doctrine, which shaped its course of action in the conflict with its neighbours. We will then speak about the Suez Crisis of 1956 not only in its regional context but also in the context of Cold War politics. Second, we will focus on the revival of the Palestinian identity by a collective Arab effort and the establishment of the PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization). We will discuss next how Israel and the Arab states came in conflict once again, which resulted in the outbreak of the Six-Day War in 1967. In post-1967 era, we will speak about an inner-Arab conflict between the PLO and the Jordanian monarchy, which resulted in the expulsion of the former from Jordan. Our last topic will be the War of Attrition, during which Egypt and Israel once again came into conflict in a prolonged fight.
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7.1.1 From 1949 to the Suez War - Part 1 (10:00)
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7.1.2 From 1949 to the Suez War - Part 1 (05:41)
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7.1.3 From 1949 to the Suez War - Part 1 (07:03)
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7.2.1 The Revival of the Palestinian Identity - Part 1 (08:14)
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7.2.2 The Revival of the Palestinian Identity - Part 2 (07:33)
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7.3.1 The Deterioration to War in 1967 - Part 1 (08:38)
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7.3.2 The Deterioration to War in 1967 - Part 2 (04:40)
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7.3.3 The Deterioration to War in 1967 - Part 3 (09:59)
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7.4 The Palestinian Struggle from Jordan (06:16)
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7.5 Black September (08:10)
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7.6 The War of Attrition, 1968-70 (07:15)
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Quiz 1
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Week 4: Escalation and De-Escalation of the Arab-Israeli Conflict (Part 2)
Week Four: Our fourth lesson is part two of our discussion on the escalation and de-escalation of the Arab-Israeli conflict, covering the period from 1973 to the present. The Yom Kippur War (also known as the October War) between Israel and the coalition of Arab states will be our first topic of discussion. We will focus next on the 1982 Lebanon War and the subsequent Israeli invasion of southern Lebanon followed by a discussion on the underlying reasons for the outbreak of the First Palestinian Intifada. We will then discuss the peace process that was set in motion by the Oslo Accords in 1993 to end the conflict as well as its eventual failure and resuscitation once again in the Camp David Summit in 2000.
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8.1.1 The October Surprise - Part 1 (06:16)
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8.1.2 The October Surprise - Part 2 (04:33)
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8.2.1 The Egyptian-Israeli Peace - Part 1 (06:43)
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8.2.2 The Egyptian-Israeli Peace - Part 2 (06:23)
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8.3 The PLO and the 1982 War in Lebanon (03:45)
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8.4.1 The First Palestinian Intifada - Part 1 (05:11)
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8.4.2 The First Palestinian Intifada - Part 2 (06:15)
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8.5.1 The Oslo Accords - Part 1 (07:17)
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8.5.2 The Oslo Accords - Part 2 (08:49)
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8.6 The Jordanian-Israeli Peace (06:56)
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8.7.1 Camp David, 2000 - Part 1 (06:46)
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8.7.2 Camp David, 2000 - Part 2 (06:55)
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8.8 Unilateral Disengagement and Further Negotiations (10:31)
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Final Exam
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Week 5:
Week Five: In our last lesson, we will be looking at the developments in the Middle East from 1967 onwards to the present. First, we will discuss the victory of the narrow state interest over the wishes of the Arab collective. We will then have an in-depth look into Saddam Hussein's Iraq, Assad's Syria and the process of national identity formation in Jordan and among the Palestinians. Our next discussion will be on the Islamic revival in the Middle East, which stemmed from the disappointment with secular nationalism. We will learn about the complaints of the Islamists and their arguments against the marginalization of religion in politics and society. We will trace the development of this Islamic revival in Egypt, Syria and Iraq and its impact on the series of popular uprisings known as the Arab Spring, which have engulfed the region since late 2010. What had transpired in the meantime in the non-Arab states of Turkey and Iran will be our last discussion.
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9.1.1 The Post-1967 Middle East: the Victory of the State Interest - Part 1 (10:02)
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9.1.2 The Post-1967 Middle East: the Victory of the State Interest - Part 2 (07:59)
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9.2 The Islamic Revival (08:35)
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9.2.1.1 The Islamic Revival in Egypt, Syria and Iraq - Part 1 (04:52)
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9.2.1.2 The Islamic Revival in Egypt, Syria and Iraq - Part 2 (06:34)
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9.2.2 The Examples of Jordan, Algeria and the Palestinians (08:04)
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9.3.1.1 The Arab Spring: Modernity and Tradition - Part 1 (05:22)
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9.3.1.2 The Arab Spring: Modernity and Tradition - Part 2 (11:30)
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9.3.2.1 The Arab Spring: Egypt, Tunisia - Part 1 (05:54)
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9.3.2.2 The Arab Spring: Syria, Jordan, Yemen and Libya - Part 2 (11:47)
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9.4.1 The Non Arab Countries -The Republic of Turkey : From WWII to the Present (11:42)
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9.4.2.1 The Non Arab Countries - Iran: From the Pahlavi Dynasty to the Islamic Republic - Part 1 (06:38)
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9.4.2.2 The Non Arab Countries - Iran: From the Pahlavi Dynasty to the Islamic Republic - Part 2 (06:45)
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9.5 Concluding Overview (03:40)
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